| 5.0.
MONITORING OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION |
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With the increasing pace of industrialisation
in Tamil Nadu, the need for continuous monitoring of
pollution due to industrial source has become significant.
All industries responsible for pollution have to putup
necessary pollution control measures viz. Effluent Treatment
Plant, Air Pollution Control Measures and Solid Waste
Management Systems to achieve the standards prescribed
by the Board.
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| 5.1.
MONITORING OF 17 CATEGORIES OF HIGHLY POLLUTING INDUSTRIES |
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TNPC Board has a Special Monitoring
Cell at its Head Office, Chennai headed by an Additional
Chief Environmental Engineer to monitor the 17 categories
of highly polluting industries, specified by Government
of India. Two hundred and one units have been identified
under the 17 categories of highly polluting industries
and these are being closely monitored.
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| 5.2.
COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS |
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TNPC Board plays an important role
in establishment of Common Effluent Treatment Plants
(CETPs) for clusters of small polluting industries in
various parts of the State. Tamilnadu is a pioneer State
in India in establishing CETPs and the maximum Number
of CETPs have been constructed and are operated only
in Tamilnadu.
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far, 51 CETPs have been evolved and are at various stages
of implementation, as detailed below : |
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1.
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Tanneries
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23
Schemes
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2.
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Textile
Bleaching and Dyeing
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26
Schemes
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3.
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Hotels
and Lodging Houses
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1 Scheme
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4.
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Hospitals
(Common Incinerator for 64 Hospitals)
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1
Scheme
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Out
of the above, 12 CETPs at Pammal, SIDCO-Ranipet, Vaniyambadi,
Udayenthiram, Ranipet, Ambur (Thuthipet), Ambur (Maligaithoppu),
Pernambut (Bakkalapalli), Melvisharam, Dindigul, Madhavaram
and Tiruchirapalli (Ramji Nagar) covering 620 tanneries
have been commissioned.
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For
textile bleaching and dyeing units, eight CETPs in Veerapandi,
Chinnakkarai, Kasipalayam, Kunnangalpalayam, Andipalayam,
Mannarai, Angeripalayam and Manickampurampudur in Tirupur,
four CETPs in Karuppampalayam, Amaravathi Nagar, Thirumanilaiyur
and Sukkaliyur in Karur and one CETP in Ayyampet-Muthialpet
and one at Salem covering 547 units have been commissioned.
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A
Common Incinerator at Salem for the disposal of Bio-Medical
Wastes from 64 Hospitals and one CETP for 90 hotels
and lodging houses at Kodaikkanal have also been commissioned.
Works on 9 CETPs for 124 tanneries at Vellore, 2 CETPs
for 19 tanneries at Tiruchirapalli, 4 CETPs for 262
textile bleaching and dyeing units at Karur and one
CETP for 27 textile bleaching and dyeing units at Salem
are in progress.
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Towards
implementation of the CETPs, State Subsidy is granted
by Government of Tamil Nadu, upto 25% of the project
cost or Rs.50 lakhs, whichever is less.
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In
view of the crisis faced by the textile bleaching and
dyeing units in Tiruppur and Karur due to the order
of the Green Bench of Hon'ble High Court of Madras,
dated; 29.04.1998 for commissioning of CETPs in these
areas without delay, a tripartite meeting was convened
on 07.05.1998 under the Chairmanship of Hon'ble Chief
Minister of Tamil Nadu with the representatives of industries,
industrial associations and petitioners. In the meeting,
it was decided to grant 25% of the project cost as State
Subsidy without any ceiling to the CETPs at Tiruppur
and Karur. Board, after receiving the subsidy amount
from Government, releases the amount to individual CETPs
based on the progress of the work. Board has so far
received Rs.19.49 crore from Government of Tamil Nadu
towards subsidy for 38 CETPs and released Rs.15.72 crore
to 35 CETPs as on 31.12.1999. Government of Tamil Nadu
have also released Rs.6.77 crore as State Subsidy for
9 CETPs through TALCO as 25% of the project cost without
any ceiling.
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The
World Bank Aid sanctioned towards CETP schemes as subsidy,
expired on 31.3.1999 and the Central Government have
announced that it is impossible to extend the above
schemes further. Under these circumstances, Government
of Tamil Nadu wrote to the Government of India, emphasising
the need to continue the scheme and followed it up with
frequent reminders.
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Due
to the continuous effort of the Government of Tamilnadu,
the Central Government have accepted to extend the above
scheme.
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5.3.
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATING INDUSTRIES
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TNPC Board is effectively monitoring
the collection, transportation, storage, receipt, treatment
and disposal of 18 categories of Hazardous Wastes. 1,100
units have been identified under the Hazardous Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 and Authorisations
have been issued to 1,088 units as on 31.12.1999. TNPC
Board has identified 8 sites for establishment of Treatment
and Disposal facilities for Hazardous Wastes. Environmental
Impact and Risk Assessment Studies have been conducted
for 2 sites at Mannellure, Thiruvallur District and
at Siruseri, Kancheepuram District by NEERI. In respect
of the site at Siruseri, Government have notified the
site. During the year 2000-2001 Environmental Impact
and Risk Assessment Studies have been proposed to be
conducted in two sites at Kolakkanatham Village, Kunnam
Taluk, Perambalur District and at Sevur Village, Gudiyatham
Taluk, Vellore District.
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TNPC Board has identified 25 isolated
Storages used for the Hazardous Chemicals in the State
as per the Government of India Notification issued under
the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. And due to close
monitoring by the Board, 73 industries have taken risk
policies under the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.
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| 5.4.
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE |
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Central Government on 20.7.1998 have
notified Bio-Medical Wastes (Management and Handling)
Rules, 1998. The Chairman, TNPC Board has been nominated
as the authority by the Tamilnadu Government to implement
the above notification.
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| 5.5.
PUBLIC HEARING COMMITTEE |
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The Ministry of Environment and Forests,
Government of India notified the Environmental Impact
Assessment Notification, 1994 under the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986. As per the Notification, 29
projects scheduled therein have to obtain the Environmental
Clearance from Government of India. And as per the amendment
dated 10.4.1997 issued in the Environmental Impact Assessment
Notification, 1994, Government of Tamil Nadu issued
orders for constituting Public Hearing Panels to consider
the views of public on these projects. Public hearings
are conducted from the month of May, 1998 onwards in
the respective District Collectorates for the applications
received for the specified industries/ projects. On
receipt of the details from the Public Hearing Panels
constituted, TNPC Board processes and decides the issue
of NOC to those industries/ projects. As on 31.12.1999,
84 public hearings have been conducted.
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| 6.0.
NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL |
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Noise pollution is caused by various
activities such as Transportation, Building construction,
Public address systems and bursting of crackers. However
there is not much awareness among the public about the
ill effects caused by noise pollution.
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The necessity for the control of air
and noise pollution caused by the vehicles and its effects
on human health were discussed in the meeting held during
December 1999 and March 2000 under the chairmanship
of Home Secretary to Government. Action is being taken
to examine the following measures to be implemented
by various organisations to control such pollution;
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| 1.
Initiating legal measures to use catalytic converters
in the diesel and petrol operated vehicles. |
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| 2.
Measures to be taken against adulteration of Fuel. |
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3. Directing the petrol bunk dealers
to supply diesel / petrol only to the vehicles having
emission under control certificate.
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4. Location of bus stops near the signal
points leads to traffic congestion. Therefore, location
of bus stops have to be away from junction points.
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| 5.
Introducing Battery operated vehicles as an alternate
to the diesel / petrol vehicles. |
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6. Initiating action to introduce LNG
as a fuel in the Chennai Transport Corporation buses
as is being adopted in Mumbai and Delhi Transport Corporation
buses.
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7. Introducing legal measure for issuing
inspection and maintenance certificate to the existing
vehicles.
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8. Announcing the silence zones in
Chennai city so as to prevent the usage of air horn
and public address system in these zones.
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9. Planting of noise absorbing saplings
along the sides of road and in residential areas of
Chennai city.
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10. Initiating action against unauthorised
horn fitted in the vehicles. To start with, the scheme
will be introduced in Chennai City, which will be extended
to cover the entire State. In addition, the Noise Pollution
(Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 will be implemented
in the State.
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| 6.1.
COASTAL MONITORING |
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Tamil Nadu, with 1000 km. long coastal
line has a fragile coastal environment susceptible to
unsustainable human activities. In order to protect
it from over exploitation, taking into consideration
the features of ecologically sensitive areas, developed
areas and relatively undisturbed areas, the coastal
stretch has been classified as coastal regulation zone
I, II & III restricting certain activities. TNPC
Board has identified on shore discharges and 7 Hot Spot
areas viz, Ennore, Kasimedu, Confluence Point of River
Cooum, Cuddalore, Nagappattinam, Thoothukudi and Confluence
Point of River Tamiraparani at Punnaikayal in Tamil
Nadu coast. The Hot Spot areas are monitored so as to
assess the pollution load discharged into the sea and
to take suitable corrective actions.
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